Estudo comparativo de métodos de orientação da cabeça para o planejamento virtual de cirurgias ortognáticas / Comparative study of the head orientation methods for 3d virtual planning of orthognathic surgeries

INTRODUÇÃO A simulação computadorizada 3D foi uma quebra de paradigma no tratamento das deformidades dentofaciais, porém, a melhor maneira de alcançar a Posição Neutra da Cabeça (PNC) ainda é controversa. Há uma carência de estudos comparativos entre os protocolos disponíveis, para avaliação do grau de precisão dos métodos. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar o grau de discrepância entre métodos de PNC em ambiente virtual. MÉTODOS Dez pacientes selecionados de forma consecutiva com deformidades dentofaciais foram incluídos na análise. Cada paciente foi submetido a todos os seguintes protocolos de aquisição da posição neutra da cabeça: (A) O Método do Protocolo CASS; (B) O Método do Protocolo Charlotte; (C) O Método do Protocolo Universal. Tomografias computadorizadas cone-beam (TCCB) com registro de mordida em RC foram solicitadas e moldagens de ambas as arcadas dentárias foram realizadas para o escaneamento 3D. Em seguida, para o preparo e posicionamento dos crânioscompostos na PNC foi utilizado o software Anatomic Aligner (Houston Methodist Research Institute), gerando um total de 30 crânios-compostos, uma vez que cada paciente virtual foi submetido a 3 protocolos de transferência de PNC. As discrepâncias foram avaliadas pela sobreposição dos modelos 3D craniofaciais pela análise cefalométrica Gateno-Xia, seguida de mensurações das diferenças lineares e angulares RESULTADOS Nos casos analisados nesse estudo, quando comparando os métodos de aquisição de PNC entre si os valores lineares e angulares obtidos encontram-se dentro dos limites preconizados na literatura como sendo excelentes (diferenças angulares inferiores a 4°, e lineares inferiores a 2mm, e para a linha média da maxila inferiores igual ou inferiores a 1mm), sendo o maior desvio linear de 1,1mm, e de orientação de 2,3°, e um máximo de desvio de linha média da maxila de 1mm, considerando todos os crânio-compostos orientados. Ainda, análises comparativas pareadas entre os métodos de PNC foram realizadas, seguindo as seguintes confrontações: Grupo A contra Grupo B; Grupo A contra Grupo C; e Grupo B contra Grupo C. Os autores não observaram desvios dos valores preconizados na literatura em todas as duplas comparativas. Por fim, análise estatística de ANOVA não evidenciou nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significante. DISCUSSÃO Os autores confirmam a hipótese de que todos os métodos de orientação da cabeça avaliados neste estudo não apresentam diferenças estatisticamente significantes (P>0,05) e consideram que quando realizado o preparo e orientação do crânio-composto em ambiente controlado e por profissionais especializados e capacitados na área cirúrgica, todas as técnicas para orientação da cabeça poderão ser úteis, precisas e válidas para o resultado desejado. Isso devido ao fato da checagem da PNC ser sempre baseado na análise facial e dados clínicos coletados pelo cirurgião. CONCLUSÃO Esse estudo evidenciou que não houve diferença estatística em questão de precisão entre todos os protocolos elencados para comparação, e mostrou-se de suma importância para a proporcionar aos cirurgiões uma reflexão sobre qual técnica seria mais adequada para o tratamento dos pacientes com deformidades dento faciais em seu centro, considerando sempre os principais aspectos que facilitam o dia a dia clínico do cirurgião, a saber: Simplicidade de execução; menor gasto de tempo; e familiaridade com a técnica (AU).

INTRODUCTION The 3D computer simulation was a paradigm shift in treating dentofacial deformities. However, the best way to achieve the Neutral Head Position (NHP) is still controversial. There there are need to perform comparative studies between the available protocols to assess the degree of accuracy of the methods. This work aims to evaluate the degree of discrepancy between PNC methods in a virtual environment. METHODS Ten consecutively selected patients with dentofacial deformities were included in the analysis. Each patient underwent all the following neutral head position acquisition protocols: (A) The CASS Protocol Method; (B) The Charlotte Protocol Method; (C) The Universal Protocol Method. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with CR bite registration was requested, and impressions of both dental arches were taken for 3D scanning. Then, for preparing and positioning the composite skulls in the PNC, the Anatomic Aligner software (Houston Methodist Research Institute) was used, generating a total of 30 composite skulls since each virtual patient was submitted to 3 transfer protocols of PNC. The discrepancies were evaluated by superimposing the 3D craniofacial models using the Gateno-Xia cephalometric analysis, followed by linear and angular differences measurements. If within limits recommended in the literature as being excellent (angular differences less than 4°, and linear differences less than 2mm, and for the midline of the maxilla less than or equal to 1mm), the most significant linear deviation being 1.1mm, and orientation of 2.3°, and a maximum maxillary midline deviation of 1mm, considering all oriented cranial composites. Also, paired comparative analyzes between the PNC methods were carried out, following the following comparisons: Group A against Group B, Group A against Group C, and Group B against Group C. The authors did not observe deviations from the values recommended in the literature in all comparative pairs. Finally, ANOVA statistical analysis did not show any statistically significant difference. DISCUSSION The authors confirm the hypothesis that all the head orientation methods evaluated in this study do not present statistically significant differences (P>0.05) and consider that when the preparation and orientation of the skull-composite are carried out in a controlled environment and by specialized professionals and trained in the surgical area, all head orientation techniques can be helpful, accurate and valid for the desired result. This is because the PNC check is always based on facial analysis and clinical data collected by the surgeon. CONCLUSION This study showed no statistical difference in accuracy between all the protocols listed for comparison, and it proved to be of paramount importance to provide surgeons with a reflection on which technique would be most appropriate for the treatment of patients with dentofacial deformities. At its center, always consider the main aspects that facilitate the surgeon's day-to-day clinical: Simplicity of execution, less time spent, and familiarity with the technique (AU).

Efectividad de la crioterapia y la electroestimulación nerviosa transcutánea en deportistas con afecciones del sistema osteomioarticular / Effectiveness of cryotherapy and nervous transcutaneous electro stimulation in sportsmen with affections of the osteomyoarticular system

Introducción: El trauma grave constituye una de las principales causas de muerte y discapacidad. Si bien es una enfermedad muy heterogénea en cuanto a su origen, tipos lesionales y gravedad, existe gran incertidumbre en cuanto a su pronóstico. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la crioterapia y la electroestimulación nerviosa transcutánea para la disminución del dolor y el edema en deportistas con afecciones del sistema osteomioarticular. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, de corte descriptivo y retrospectivo, de 5 548 deportistas con afecciones del sistema osteomioarticular, que acudieron al Servicio de Rehabilitación Física del Estadio José Antonio Huelga de la provincia de Sancti Spíritus, entre noviembre de 2018 y diciembre de 2019, para recibir crioterapia y electroestimulación nerviosa transcutánea para la disminución del edema y el dolor. Entre las variables estudiadas figuraron: sexo, edad, tipo de deporte que practicaban, lesiones que presentaban, recuperación y tiempo de desaparición de los síntomas. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo masculino (66,83 %), el grupo etario de 8-21 años (57,33 %), el futbol y el atletismo como deportes con mayor número de afectados (23,08 y 22,85 %, respectivamente), así como los esquinces (56,54 %) y las fracturas (20,81 %) como lesiones principales. Conclusiones: La terapia aplicada resultó efectiva y segura para disminuir el edema y el dolor en los deportistas a causa de enfermedades traumáticas del sistema osteomioarticular.

Introduction: The serious trauma constitutes one of the main causes of death and disability. Although it is a very heterogeneous disease as for its origin, types of injure and seriousness, great uncertainty exists as for its prognosis. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of cryotherapy and the nervous transcutaneous electroestimulation for the decrease of pain and edema in sportsmen with affections of the osteomyoarticular system. Methods: An observational, descriptive and retrospective study of 5548 sportsmen with affections of the osteomyoarticular system was carried out, they went to the Physical Rehabilitation Service of the José Antonio Huelga Stadium in Sancti Spíritus, between November, 2018 and December, 2019, to receive cryotherapy and nervous transcutaneous electroestimulation for the decrease of edema and pain. Among the studied variables figured: sex, age, type of sport that they practiced, injure that presented recovery and time of disappearance of symptoms. Results: There was a prevalence of the male sex (66.83 %), the 18-21 age group (57.33 %), football and athletics as sports with a higher number of affected patients (23.08 and 22.85 %, respectively), as well as sprains (56.54 %) and fractures (20.81%) as main lesions. Conclusions: The applied therapy was effective and safe to diminish the edema and pain in sportsmen due to traumatic diseaes of the osteomyoarticular system.

In-House Three-Dimensional Printing Workflow for Face Shield During COVID-19 Pandemic.

From the beginning of the year 2020, the world was affected by a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, leading to a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) at a global level, and thus generating exposure of health professionals to this extremely contagious virus. Within this context, the present work seeks to present an alternative for the production of face shields "face shields," in which it recommends its production "in house" through 3D printing, in principle initiated by Prusa Research, where we download your project of support of facial protectors, proceeding with printing through the 3D printer Gtmax3D Core H5. The authors produced a face shield in ABS, in a total time of 3 hours and 44 minutes. Thus, the model presented proved to be feasible, at a low cost, adding to the list of possibilities to produce inputs necessary to maintain the fight against this epidemic.

Acute Q fever pneumonia: high-resolution computed tomographic findings in six patients.

METHODS:: We analyzed high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings from six male patients (mean age, 22.6 years) with confirmed diagnoses of acute Q fever. Two chest radiologists analyzed the images and reached decisions by consensus. All patients presented fever, myalgia, prostation, headache, and dry cough. They also had common epidemiologic factors (recent travel for military service, where they had contact with sheep and capybara). Diagnoses were confirmed by the detection of C. burnetii DNA in clinical samples by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:: The predominant HRCT findings were areas of consolidation (100%) and nodules (66.6%) with halos of ground-glass opacity, predominantly with segmental and peripheral distributions. Lesions affected all lobes, and predominated in the left upper and lower lobes. Involvement of more than one lobe was observed in four patients. No pleural effusion or lymph node enlargement was found. CONCLUSION:: The predominant HRCT findings in patients with acute Q fever pneumonia were bilateral, peripheral areas of consolidation and nodules with irregular contours and halos of ground-glass opacity. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE:: Acute Q fever should be included in the differential diagnosis of lesions with the halo sign on HRCT.

O uso da ressonância magnética nuclear na avaliação do derrame pleural / The Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in the Assessment of Pleural Effusion

O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar os principais aspectos do derrame pleural através de técnicas convencionais e avançadas de ressonância nuclear magnética. Esta modalidade é considerada padrão-ouro para a avaliação da interface pleural e dos derrames pleurais complexos. A indicação deste método na caracterização do derrame pleural é superior em relação à tomografia computadorizada, especialmente em razão da alta resolução na avaliação da pleura. Este estudo revisa as características morfoestruturais e funcionais do derrame pleural livre, loculado, hemorrágico e neoplásico. AU

The aim of this review was to present the main aspects of pleural effusion seen with conventional and advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques. This modality is considered to be the gold standard for the evaluation of the pleural interface and characterization of complex pleural effusion. The indication for MRI of the thorax in the identification of pleural effusion characterization is increasing in comparison with computerized tomography, specially owing to higher resolution to pleura evaluation. This revises the descriptions of morphological and functional aspects of free, loculated, hemorrhagic and neoplastic pleural effusion. AU

Screening for antifungal activities of extracts of the brazilian seaweed genus Laurencia (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta)

The resistance of pathogens to commonly used antibiotics has enhanced morbidity and mortality and has triggered the search for new drugs. Several species of the red alga genus Laurencia are very interesting candidates as potential sources of natural products with pharmaceutical activity because they are known to produce a wide range of chemically interesting halogenated secondary metabolites. This is an initial report of the antifungal activities of the secondary metabolites of five species of Laurencia, collected in the state of Espírito Santo, against three strains of pathogenic fungi: Candida albicans (CA), Candida parapsilosis (CP), and Cryptococcus neoformans (CN). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the algal extracts were determined by serial dilution method in RPMI 1640 Medium in 96-well plates according to the NCCLS and microbial growth was determined by absorbance at 492nm. A result showing maintenance or reduction of the inoculum was defined as fungistatic, while fungicidal action was no observed growth in the 10 µL fungistatic samples subcultured in Sabouraud Agar. Our results indicate that apolar extracts of Laurencia species possess antifungal properties and encourage continued research to find new drugs for therapy of infectious diseases in these algae.